I might disagree with some of your comments, though. I think other minority groups like foreign-born Latinos or Asians are often PREFERRED hires because they’re stereotypically willing to work for less money. However, foreign-born black Africans may suffer some discrimination based on racial lines. There are many facets of discrimination that are more subtle, however, and Webb addresses the issue of education in his book. That’s where workers really hit a wall when trying to move up. And I think it’s where Mexican-Americans may still have some disadvantage along with African-Americans. The other foreign-born immigrants often have diploma mills in their countries, and so they come to this country with credentials, even though it’s apparent to other workers that their schools aren’t what we’d expect in this country, plus the language differences often hinder their work ability. It’s a complicated affair, but I can see where poor whites often fit into that no-chance-of-a-good-education category. Maybe these programs should focus more on education opportunities for everyone who can’t afford it, but then once they graduate focus on African-Americans because society’s attitudes still have some remnants of prejudice working against them.